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The book starts with a discussion of the atmosphere, leading into chapters on photochemistry and other atmospheric chemical reactions. From time to time we may have stretched the scope of chemistry a bitÐfor example, we deal with atmospheric circulation because this is important to understanding some of the consequences of atmospheric chemistryÐand we mention some nonchemical energy sources for completeness. The objective of the book is to deal with the chemical principles and reactions that govern the behavior of both natural environmental systems and anthropogenic compounds important in the environment, although obviously it is a general coverage and does not pretend to go deeply into specialty areas such as marine chemistry or geochemistry. Besides a good grounding in general chemistry, some knowledge of organic chemistry is needed for the sections dealing with organic compounds. As either a text or reference, the reader will need some chemistry background we have not attempted to write this book at a beginning level. We do not believe that this has led to either excessive fragmentation or redundancy. In some cases, this has resulted in different aspects of some topics being covered in different chapters. We have attempted to group chapters in a way that is suitable for this. As a text, it is probably too extensive to be covered completely in a single course, but in our own use we have found that particular chapters and sections can be selected according to the topics desired. This book is intended as a text, but also as a reference book to provide a background to those who need an understanding of the chemical basis of many environmentally important processes.
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We have tried to avoid an excessive focus on U.S. The latter we feel is particularly important in view of the possible resurgence of nuclear energy and the general (low) level of understanding of it. The material dealing with the chemistry of particular xixĮlements of environmental concern has been expanded, and the material on nuclear chemistry redone. New material on environmental hormones has been included, and a new chapter on recycling has been added. The separate chapter on pheromones was removed and an abridged version of this material has been added to the chapter dealing with pesticides because pheromones have not achieved the potential for insect control forecast for them in the 1970s. The chapters on polymers and surfactants were combined into one chapter and follow the chapter on petroleum because the major pathways for the environmental degradation of these three classes of organics is by microorganisms and the reaction steps are similar in many instances. For example, there is less discussion of the atmospheric chemical reactions of hydrocarbons in Chapter 6 because hydrocarbons have become a less serious environmental problem in the United States as a result of the mandated use of the catalytic converter on the exhaust systems of automobiles.
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Signi®cant alterations in coverage have been made in a number of topics to re¯ect these dynamics. Although this second edition of the book refers to these and other disasters, and was written with current environmental topics in mind, it retains an emphasis on the principles of environmental chemistry, not on speci®c catastrophes. Major changes in environmental problems have occurred in the years since the publication of the ®rst edition, including the ozone and global warming concerns, the nuclear power plant meltdown at Chernobyl in 1986, and the world's worst oil spills in Kuwait and the Persian Gulf in 1991. The present volume is an updated and expanded version of the original book published in 1978 and used ever since. The predecessor to this book originated in the 1970s as notes to a junior=senior level course in ``Chemistry of the Environment'' that the authors developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in response to the interest in environmental concerns developing at that time. Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology Books Chemistry of the Environment by Sonja Krause, Herbert M.